"We see that representation of information is a key issue." #readingToday

We see that representation of information is a key issue. Information about something is not fundamentally different from a real thing itself, because both need a physical representation. It is only a question of how we interpret the things. Warren Weaver a contemporary of Shannon summarized three levels of information in 1949:

1. How accurately symbols can be transmitted (copying fidelity)
2. How precisely symbols convey the intended information (semantics)
3. How well understood messages are by humans

In Search of Certainty, Mark Burgess, 2013